MOSCOW, April 26. /TASS/. Scientists of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT) have developed a highly accurate and relatively fast analysis method that can predict how cell membranes will respond to the molecules of drugs and toxins. This will make it possible to calculate the effect that a medicine will have on the cells before any experiments, MIPT said.
Simulating the behavior of biomolecules is highly problematical because the movements of every atom have to be described. The research group led by Ivan Gushchin, the corresponding author of the study and the head of the Laboratory of Structural Analysis and Engineering of Membrane Systems at MIPT’s Center of Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, found a way to considerably simplify the analysis of the simulation results without a significant decrease in accuracy.
"The distinctive feature of our method is that it provides us with a complete description of changes in a molecule. We can track positions of all the atoms at once," Gushchin said. It reduced the amount of data required for the research 10 times, with a decrease in accuracy of only 10%.
To process incoming information, scientists used principal component analysis (PCA) - a method that selects the most essential data. This approach was tested on an experimentally well-studied DOPC lipid (dioleoylphosphatidylcholine). It turned out that the motion description of a 54-atom molecule requires only 14 components - collective movements of a certain atom ensemble. For example, one of the components is responsible for two DOPC molecule hydrophobic tails moving apart in a scissor-like motion.
Lipids are the building material for a cell membrane and in order to affect the cell every molecule has to pass through it. This is why studying lipids with single-atom accuracy will help predict the effect of drugs and toxins on cells and whole organisms using computer only, thus accelerating the search for new medicines and their testing. Simulation can also be useful in aging research, the mechanism of which is thought to be related to changes in the structure of molecules of cell membranes.
The research has been published in the Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation.